Endnotes

Notes

1. “Hotsie Totsie ‘Rootie-Tootie’: Moppet TV Show Boosts Kidisk, 45 Player Sales,” The Billboard, December 23, 1950, 11.

2. William M. O’Barr, “Children and Advertising,” Advertising & Society Review 9, no. 4 (2008), accessed June 30, 2022,  doi:10.1353/asr.0.0017

3. Stuart Fischer, Kids' TV: The First Twenty-Five Years (New York: Open Road Media, 2014).

4. Ibid.

5. Steve Carlin, interview by Don Carlton, “Steve Carlin Interview: Chapter 3,” Television Academy Foundation, June 23, 1999, 11-29, https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/steve-carlin?clip=67617#interview-clips.

6. Ibid.

7. Fischer.

8. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 3, https://www.tvdays.com/rootie-catalog.

9. J. Spence Downing, “What TV Taught: Children’s Television and Consumer Culture From Howdy Doody to Sesame Street” (PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2003), 157.

10. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 3.

11. “Hotsie Totsie ‘Rootie-Tootie’”, 11.

12. Jim Willard, “Remembering (barely) ‘Rootie Kazootie’ and a kinder, gentler time,” Loveland Reporter-Herald (Loveland, CO), Aug. 7, 2018.

13. Fischer.

14. Carlin, Chapter 3, 11-29.

15. Ibid, 11-29.

16. “The Rootie Kazootie Puppets,” Paul Ashley Puppets, 2019, https://www.paulashleypuppets.com/copy-of-collection-gallery.

17. Steve Carlin, interview by Don Carlton, “Steve Carlin Interview: Chapter 4,” Television Academy Foundation, June 23, 1999, 0-10, https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/steve-carlin?clip=67618#interview-clips.

18. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 2.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid.

21. “Nipper & Chipper,” RCA, 2019, https://www.rca.com/us_en/nipper-chipper-1720-us-en. 

22. Downing, 157.

23. “Nipper & Chipper."

24. Carlin, Chapter 3, 11-29.

25. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 2.

26. Ibid, 7.

27. Ibid, 3.

28. Ibid, 3.

29. Carlin, Chapter 3, 11-29.

30. Downing, 157.

31. Ibid, 156. 

32. Carlin, Chapter 3, 11-29. 

33. Ibid.

34. Kenneth Allan and Scott Coltrane, “Gender Displaying Television Commercials: A Comparative Study of Television Commercials in the 1950s and 1980s,” Sex Roles 35, no. 3, (1996): 186. 

35. Marselus Suarta Kasimiran and Ouda Teda Ena, “ Gender Representation in Men’s and Women’s Fashion Magazine,” Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics 4, no. 1, (2019): 40-43.

36. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 4.

37. Melissa A. Milkie, “Social World Approach to Cultural Studies: Mass Media and Gender in the Adolescent Peer Group,” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 23, no. 3, (1994): 359-360.

38. Jennifer Herrett-Skjellum and Mike Allen, “Television Programming and Sex Stereotyping: A Meta-Analysis,” Annals of the International Communication Association 19, no. 1 (1996).
Patricia A. Oppliger, "Effects of Gender Stereotyping on Socialization," Mass Media Effects Research: Advances Through Meta-Analysis (2007).

39 Judith E. Owen Blakemore. "Children's Beliefs about Violating Gender Norms: Boys Shouldn't Look Like Girls, and Girls Shouldn't Act Like Boys," Sex roles 48, no. 9 (2003). Serbin, Lisa A. Serbin et al. “The Development of Sex Typing in Middle Childhood,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 58, no. 2 (1993).

40. Lee Whitney Essig, “A Content-Analytic Meta-Analysis of Gender Stereotyping in Screen Media”  (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 2018): 21.

41. Paul DiMaggio and Joseph Cohen, “Information Inequality and Network Externalities: A Comparative Study of the Diffusion of Television and the Internet,” The Economic Sociology of Capitalism (Working Paper), (2003), 34-36. 

42. Jennifer Jacobs Henderson and Gerald J. Baldasty, "Race, Advertising, and Prime-Time Television," Howard Journal of Communication 14, no. 2 (2003): 110. Christopher P. Lehman, "Huck (Hound) and Jim (Crow): Syndicated Television Cartoons and Southern Segregation," Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal 50, no. 1 (2020): 5. Steven Douglas Classen, “Broadcast Law and Segregation: A Social History of the WLBT-TV Case,” (PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin,1995): 9. Steven Douglas Classen,  Watching Jim Crow: The Struggles Over Mississippi TV, 1955-1969. Duke University Press, 2004: 96. 

43. Classen, Watching Jim Crow, 121-122. Classen, “Broadcast Law and Segregation,” 41.

44. Lehman, 5.

45. James W. Silver, Mississippi: The Closed Society. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963), 30.

46. Lehman, 8. Classen, “Broadcast Law and Segregation,” 10.

47. Lehman, 9.

48. Ibid, 8.

49. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 4.

50. The Rootie Kazootie Club. “The Rootie Kazootie Club: [unknown episode #]. Indiana University Moving Image Archive, https://media.dlib.indiana.edu/media_objects/r781x264t.

51. “Hotsie Totsie ‘Rootie-Tootie’”, 11.

52. Ibid, 11.

53. Downing, 159. Carlin, Chapter 3, 11-29.

54. Downing, 159.

55. The Rootie Kazootie Club. “The Rootie Kazootie Club: [unknown episode #]. Indiana University Moving Image Archive, 1:20-4:54, https://media.dlib.indiana.edu/media_objects/x059ct29h.

56. Downing, 157.

57. “Rootie Kazootie,” TV Day-by-Day, 5-6.

58. Downing, 73.

59. Ibid, 76-86.

60. O’Barr.

61. Carlin, Chapter 3, 0-10.

62. Downing, 380.

63. William Hoynes. "Merchandising of Public Service." Public Broadcasting and the Public Interest (2002): 44-46

64. Camille Reyes, "Neither Public, nor Private: Inventing PBS Television, 1965–1967." Journalism History 47, no. 1 (2021): 54.

65. Ron Alexander, “Past Creates Wave of TV Nostalgia,” The New York Times (New York: New York), Aug. 2, 1990.

66. “The Rootie Kazootie Puppets.”