Endnotes
1 Gregory A. Waller, Beyond the Movie Theater: Sites, Sponsors, Uses, Audiences (Oakland: University of California Press, 2023), 24.
2 Waller, Beyond, 29-30; Gregory A Waller, “Distributor Catalogs and the History of 16mm,” (presentation, Association of Moving Image Archivists, November 16, 2023), 00:30-2:30.
3 Waller, Beyond, 29-30; Tanya Goldman and Kit Parker, “‘When I Saw My First DVD, I Knew It Was All Over’: An Interview with Distributor Kit Parker,” The Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists 19, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 83.
4 Waller, Beyond, 31.Sean Savage, “The Eye Beholds: Silent Era Industrial Film and The Bureau of Commercial Economics” (master’s thesis, New York University, 2006), 3.
5 Waller, Beyond, 31.
6 Waller, Beyond, 84-86; Noah Zweig, “Foregrounding Public Cinema and Rural Audiences: The USDA Motion Picture Service as Cinematic Modernism, 1908-1938,” Journal of Popular Film and Television 37, no. 3 (2009), 120.
7 Faye E. Riley, “Centron, an Industrial/Educational Film Studio, 1947-1981,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 233-234.
8 Jeffrey Ruoff, “Around the World in Eighty Minutes: The Travel Lecture Film,” Visual Anthropology 15, no. 1 (2002): 95.
9 Zweig, 122; Yvonne Zimmermann, “‘What Hollywood Is to America, the Corporate Film Is to Switzerland’: Remarks on Industrial Film as Utility Film,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 111.
10 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 12:00-12:41; Riley, 233-234.
11 Richard Abel, “The ‘Much Vexed Problem’ of Nontheaterical Distribution in the Late 1910s,” Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists 16, no. 2 (2016): 96; Rick Prelinger, “Eccentricity, Education and the Evolution of Corporate Speech: Jam Handy and His Organization,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 213; Waller, Beyond, 49, 81.
12 Waller, Beyond, 82-83, 86.
13 Waller, Beyond, 9-10; Sterling J. Livingston and Paul R. Ignatius, “Effective Use of Training Films,” Harvard Business Review 25, no. 4A (1947): 642-643.
14 Abel, 99-103.
15 Goldman & Parker, 83-86.
16 Waller, Beyond, 24-26.
17 Savage, 6-7.
18 Savage, 4.
19 Phillip D. Duncan, “Old West, New Audiences: Wildlife Documentaries, Non-Theatrical Exhibition, and the US Wilderness Culture Industry, 1928-1930,” Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 43, no. 1 (2023): 29; Goldman & Parker, 84-85.
20 Savage, 13.
21 Waller, Beyond, 29.
22 Waller, Beyond, 29; Goldman & Parker, 84-85.
23 Waller, Beyond, 29.
24 Goldman & Parker, 85.
25 Livingston & Ignatius, 648-650.
26 Floyde E. Brooker, “Motion Pictures as an Aid to Education,” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 254.1 (1947): 104; Loren Pilcher, “A Rural Georgia for White Men, Like Brian Kemp: The Midcentury Films and Nontheatrical Legacy of Georgia Argicultural Extension,”Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 62, no. 5 (2022): 30.
27 Goldman & Parker, 83.
28 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 05:30.
29 Goldman & Parker, 83.
30 Goldman & Parker, 86.
31 Goldman & Parker, 90.
32 Marsha Gordon and Allyson N. Field, “ The Other Side of the Tracks: Nontheaterical Film History, Pre-Rebellion Watts, and Felicia,” Cinema Journal 55, no. 2 (2016): 2-3.
33 Goldman & Parker , 83.
34 Goldman & Parker , 91.
35 Goldman & Parker , 83.
36 Goldman & Parker, 87; Valerie Vignaux, “The Central Film Library of Vocational Education: An Archeology of Industrial Film in France between the Wars,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 322;
37 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 06:30-06:57.
38 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 12:00-12:41; Riley, 233-234.
39 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 10:05-10:50.
40 Gordon & Field, 7; Duncan, 29.
41 Zweig, 123.
42 Martin L. Johnson, “Motion Pictures: A Problem to Be Co-operatively Solved,” Film History 29, no. 4 (2017): ; Zweig, 124.
43 Waller, Beyond, 17.
44 Frank Kessler and Eef Masson, “Layers of Cheese: Generic Overlap in Early Non-Fiction Films on Production Processes,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 76.
45 Kessler & Masson, 76; Zimmermann, 110.
46 Gordon & Field, 1-2.
47 Gordon & Field, 2.
48 Gordon & Field, 3.
49 Martin L. Johnson, “Motion Pictures: A Problem to Be Co-operatively Solved,” Film History 29, no. 4 (2017): 157.
50 Gregory A. Waller, “The New Nontheaterical Cinema History?” in The Routledge Companion to New Cinema History, ed. Daniel Biltereyst, Richard Maltby, and Philippe Meers (London: Routledge, 2019), 55-56.
51 Waller, “Distributor Catalogs,” 06:30-06:57.
52 Herbert A. Jump, “The Religious Possibilities of the Motion Picture,” Film History 14, no. 2 (2002): 219; Waller, Beyond, 53.
53 Kevin Lewis, “Rev. Herbert Jump and the Motion Picture,” Film History 14, no. 2 (2002): 214; Waller, Beyond, 54.
54 Jump, 219, 226.
55 Jump 220; Lewis, 210.
56 Jump 224-225; Waller, Beyond, 53.
57 Waller, Beyond, 53; Lewis, 210-214.
58 Waller, Beyond, 53, 97.
59 Jump, 227.
60 Lewis, 210-214.
61 Jump, 217-218.
62 Jump, 225-226; Waller, Beyond, 53; Terry Lindvall and Andrew Quicke, Celluloid Sermons: The Emergence of the Christian Film Industry, 1930-1986 (New York: NYU Press, 2011), xii.
63 Lindvall & Quicke, xi.
64 “Dr, Gregory A. Waller Film Catalog Collection, 1915-1992, bulk 1940-1971,” accessed January 6, 2025, Online Finding Aid. Indiana University Archives Online. https://archives.iu.edu/catalog/VAE4382.
65 Lindvall & Quicke, 29-31.
66 Lindvall & Quicke, 129-130.
67 Savage, 6-7.
68 Savage, 7.
69 Prelinger, 213.
70 Livingston & Ignatius, 637-639.
71 Livingston & Ignatius, 642; Prelinger, 213.
72 Zimmermann, 108-109.
73 Livingston & Ignatius, 641-642; Zimmermann, 111.
74 Zimmermann, 105, 113; Patrick Vonderau, “Touring as a Cultural Technique: Visitor Films and Autostadt Wolfsburg,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 153; Waller, Beyond, 384-385.
75 Waller, Beyond, 80.
76 Scott Curtis, “Images of Efficiency: The Films of Frank B. Gilbreth,” in Films that Work: Industrial Film and the Productivity of Media, ed. Vinzenz Hediger and Patrick Vonderau (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 86.
77 Kessler & Masson, 77-78.
78 Waller, Beyond, 80.
79 Zimmermann 108-109.
80 Waller, Beyond, 80.
81 Prelinger, 221.
82 Ross A. McFarland, “Physically Handicapped Workers,” Harvard Business Review 23, no. 1 (1944): 16.
83 Riley, 228, 229.
84 Riley, 228.
85 Riley, 229.
86 Riley, 230.
87 Riley, 236.
88 Duncan, 24.
89 Duncan, 30.
90 Duncan, 23, 30.
91 Ruoff, 106.
92 Ruoff, 95.
93 Duncan, 30.
94 Duncan, 22; Ruoff, 104.
95 Duncan, 31.
96 Waller, Beyond, 43; Duncan, 22; Savage, 30.
97 Waller, Beyond, 162, 173.
98 Duncan, 31.
99 Waller, Beyond, 43; Duncan, 22.
100 Duncan, 20-21.
101 Duncan, 21; Waller, Beyond, 172.
102 Waller, Beyond, 172.
103 Ruoff, 99.
104 Ruoff, 99-101.
105 Zweig, 118.
106 Waller, Beyond, 43-44.
107 Zweig, 118.
108 J. Emmett Winn, Documenting Racism: African Americans in US Department of Agriculture Documentaries, 1921-1942 (New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, Inc., 2012), 1-2
109 The Farmer’s Wife. United States Department of Agriculture. 1942. Indiana University Moving Image Archive, 5:45, https://media.dlib.indiana.edu/media_objects/j6731396q. ; Zweig, 119.
110 Zweig, 119-122.
111 Zweig, 123.
112 Winn, 3-4.
113 Zweig, 122.
114 Lauren Pilcher and John Stevens, “Replaying a Useful South: Black Women, Midcentury Domesticity, and the Films of the Georgia Department of Public Health,” Southern Cultures 25, no. 1 (2019): 90-91.
115 Winn, 111.
116 Pilcher, 84.
117 Zweig, 120.
118 Robert A. Reiser, “A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media,” Educational Technology Research and Development 49, no. 1 (2001): 57; Jaime K. Secrist, “Victory of the Garden: Politics in American Gardens, 1801-2014,” (master’s thesis, California State University San Marcos, 2015), 59-60.
119 Pilcher & Stevens, 90.
120 Waller, Beyond, 81.
121 Waller, Beyond, 84.
122 Kessler & Masson, 78.
123 Prelinger, 218.
124 “Dr, Gregory A. Waller Film Catalog Collection, 1915-1992, bulk 1940-1971,” accessed January 6, 2025, Online Finding Aid. Indiana University Archives Online. https://archives.iu.edu/catalog/VAE4382.
125 Prelinger, 218.
126 “Dr, Gregory A. Waller Film Catalog Collection, 1915-1992, bulk 1940-1971,” accessed January 6, 2025, Online Finding Aid. Indiana University Archives Online. https://archives.iu.edu/catalog/VAE4382.